What Is a 465 Certificate of Origin? Which Certificate of Origin Chinese Cabbage, Garlic, Peanut, Adzuki Bean and Small Abalone Imports Need

What does import regulation code 465 mean?

465 is an import regulation code in the “import and export regulations for goods” of the International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, and appears in the import regulations column beside the tariff code on a customs declaration. The current provision requires the importer to submit one of the following documents, or to meet the exemption in item (5):

Which goods need a 465 certificate of origin?

As queried on 2026-10-19, there are 65 tariff codes listed with 465 (50 ordinary tariff codes and 15 tariff-rate quota codes in Chapter 98), of which 57 are also listed with MW0; the 65th is fresh or chilled Chinese cabbage, added from 2026-10-08. The Ministry of Agriculture (then the Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan) named 5 items in 2019: cabbage, garlic, adzuki beans, peanuts and small abalone, but the range actually announced is wider:

Table of 65 items with 465

Source: HowBridge tariff data table (corresponding to the International Trade Administration's goods classification), queried 2026-10-19; the number of items matches the International Trade Administration’s open data. Item names are the names in the classification; foreign-language versions translate the names from the classification's Chinese and English names.

Why Does Chinese Cabbage Also Need a 465 Certificate of Origin from 2026-10-08?

Because the International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs listed Chinese cabbage under 465 by announcement. International Trade Administration announcement No. 1157030111 of 2026-09-24: from 2026-10-08, import regulation code 465 is added to CCC 0704.90.10.00-8 “Chinese cabbage, fresh or chilled”, which is also placed on the “list of imported goods subject to customs verification assistance”; the legal basis is Article 8, Paragraph 1 of the Regulations Governing Import of Goods and Ministry of Agriculture letter No. 1150240267 of 2026-09-11. The import regulations for this tariff code change from B01 F01 MW0 to 465 B01 F01 MW0.

• The original announcement does not state why it was added, and does not mention Vietnam. “Chinese cabbage from mainland China suspected of being transshipped to Taiwan via Vietnam” is what media reports said (for example, the Central News Agency on 2026-09-24), and this article does not treat it as an official finding.
• In TFDA border inspection notices, the 7 records of non-compliant Chinese cabbage (napa) exported from Vietnam (tariff code 0704.90.10.00-8) published from 2025-07-22 to 2025-09-23 were all due to pesticide residues (thiamethoxam, thifluzamide, triclosan), 18,000 to 23,250 kg per batch, and were returned or destroyed. A certificate of origin and food inspection are two separate matters: even with a certificate of origin, the goods must still pass inspection.
• Cauliflower, broccoli and other brassica vegetables (cabbage is classified here based on inspection cases), which are also under 0704, were already listed under 465 in the 2019-12-30 announcement, effective 2020-07-01; Chinese cabbage was not on the list then and has only now been added.
• Repacking, packaging or relabeling in a third country does not change the origin: under the Rules of Origin for Imported Goods, the origin of a plant product harvested in a country is the place of harvest; sorting, grading, repacking, packaging and relabeling do not count as substantial transformation.

Can these goods be sent from mainland China? Is it still not allowed with a certificate of origin?

No. Chinese cabbage, garlic, peanuts, adzuki beans, cabbage, small abalone, dried shiitake mushrooms, dried wood ear mushrooms and tea produced in mainland China are all MW0 and may not be imported under Article 7 of the Regulations Governing Trade between the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area. A certificate of origin is meant to prove that goods are “not produced in mainland China”; it cannot make mainland-produced goods importable.

If personal use not exceeding 6 kg is exempt, can I just send it?

Not necessarily. Item (5) of 465 exempts only the one document, the “certificate of origin”; all other rules still apply:

Is the 465 certificate of origin the same document as an ECFA certificate of origin?

No. The names are similar, but the purposes are completely different:

How did the 465 rule come about? Which items were added in which year?

465 did not first appear in 2019; the timeline follows:

How are false declarations of origin and third-country transshipment penalized?

Depending on the circumstances, the same case may involve return of the goods, administrative penalties and criminal liability:

How do I check whether a product needs 465?

Follow the 4 steps below; if you cannot find it or do not understand it, ask customer service before shipping:

Where should I report agricultural products suspected of origin laundering?

As checked on the websites of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Agency on 2026-10-05, the current hotlines are as follows:

How do the Control Yuan, the Legislative Yuan and academic research view this problem?

The reports and studies below provide background; none is directed at HowBridge, and they cannot be used to decide whether an individual shipment can be imported:

• Control Yuan investigation report (case closed 2018-07-04): a company was suspected of importing 80 metric tons of mainland China garlic disguised as Thai garlic; afterwards Customs revised its origin-determination directions, so that for garlic and shiitake mushrooms imported from Asia, clearing whole containers for inspection became the general principle, and the garlic security deposit was raised from 3 times to 4 times the value of the goods.
• Control Yuan corrective measure text (2021-07-20): reviews garlic price monitoring, and mentions origin determination for garlic that failed quarantine, was sent to a third country for processing and then re-imported.
• Legislative Yuan Organic Law and Legislation Bureau issue analysis (2020-02): compiles the penalties involved when quarantine objects from mainland China are hidden in online or postal shipments, including false declaration of country of origin.
• Cheng Tsai-kuang (2012) master's thesis: the methods of smuggling mainland China agricultural supplies by air express through splitting shipments and false declarations.
• Lin Hsing-chun (2013): the impact of cross-strait agricultural trade on Taiwan's economy, which is background to the control policy.
• Lu Hsiu-chen (2017), National Taiwan University master's thesis: at the Taipei fruit and vegetable wholesale market, cabbage and Chinese cabbage (napa) together account for more than 1/5 of total trading volume, and wholesale prices of Chinese cabbage (napa) were all above cost (abstract only).
• Ferrier (2021): after the United States imposed anti-dumping duties on honey from China and Argentina, origin fraud through transshipment to evade the duties was detected using trade and production data (not a Taiwan study; applicable only by analogy).

What do the terms related to 465 mean?

Import regulation code

A code that the International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs marks on each CCC tariff code to indicate import conditions; on a customs declaration, documents are submitted or procedures completed according to the code.

465

A certificate of origin issued by the government of the exporting or producing country or its authorized body (or a substitute document listed in the provision) must be submitted; goods for personal use (live animals excluded) not exceeding 6 kg are exempt.

MW0

Goods originating from mainland China may not be imported.

MP1

Goods from mainland China are conditionally permitted for import; the conditions follow International Trade Administration announcements.

B01

On import, handle quarantine in accordance with the list of animals and plants subject to quarantine and the related quarantine rules.

F01

Apply to the TFDA for import inspection under the Regulations of Inspection of Imported Foods and Related Products.

Origin

The country or area where goods are produced or substantially transformed; for plant products, origin is determined by the place of harvest or gathering.

Transshipment via a third country (origin laundering)

After products from place A are shipped to a third country, they are imported with the third country declared as the origin.

Tariff-rate quota code

Chapter 98 codes, corresponding to goods such as peanuts, adzuki beans, garlic and dried shiitake mushrooms imported within the tariff-rate quota; the import regulations are the same as for the original tariff code.

What are the sources and the scope of checking?

The following sources were consulted on 2026-10-05, and the sources on Chinese cabbage and the number of 465 items on 2026-10-19; document dates are shown separately from consultation dates, and where no date is stated, none has been supplied.

Government and official sources

• Ministry of Agriculture (then the Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan) news: adding items for which a certificate of origin must be submitted for imported agricultural products (document no. 8388) | Ministry of Agriculture | Document date: 2019-10-15; named cabbage, garlic, adzuki beans, peanuts and small abalone, and required a certificate of origin issued by the producing country's government or its authorized body to be submitted on import; prompted by reports from businesses that mainland agricultural products were suspected of being transshipped via a third country to Taiwan.
• Keelung Customs, Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance news: import regulation code “465” for imported agricultural and fishery products requires a certificate of origin | Keelung Customs, Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance | Document date: 2021-01-26; relays Announcement No. 1087038315 of 2019-12-30 of the Bureau of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Economic Affairs (now the International Trade Administration): 14 items amended and 47 added, effective 2020-07-01; personal use not exceeding 6 kg in total of the same type on the whole declaration is exempt (live animals excluded); where documents are not supplied within 2 months of notification, the goods are ordered to be returned under Article 96 of the Customs Act.
• International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs: import and export regulations query (explanations of import regulation codes 465, MW0, MP1, B01 and F01) | International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs | Document date: queried 2026-10-19; querying by import regulation code 465 returns 65 tariff codes (including Chinese cabbage 0704.90.10.00-8, added from 2026-10-08 and now listed as 465 B01 F01 MW0); the current 465 provision has 5 items, including the exemption for personal use not exceeding 6 kg. This page requires a form query and has no fixed result URL.
• International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs: announced amendment data query (amendment records of import regulations for each tariff code) | International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs | Document date: queried 2026-10-05; on 2026-10-05, the amendment records of the tariff codes then listed with 465 were checked one by one (Chinese cabbage was added on 2026-10-08; see the International Trade Administration announcement): most had 465 added on 2020-07-01; live eel (2009-07-01), frozen tilapia (2010-08-01) and shallots (2000-11-09) already had it earlier; tea had it deleted on 2007-03-03 and added again on 2020-07-01.
• Bureau of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Economic Affairs: table of changes to goods import regulations (hard clams, clams, eel, small abalone and others; reposted by overseas missions) | International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs (reposted by overseas missions) | Document date: not stated in the file (reposted 2020-01); lists, row by row, the original import regulations and the revised import regulations after 465 was added.
• 465 import regulation, Chinese and English explanation (provisions before and after the amendment of the 2019-12-30 announcement, reposted by overseas missions) | International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs (reposted by overseas missions) | Document date: not stated in the file (reposted 2020-02); before the amendment, 465 had only two items (a certificate of origin from the producing country's government, or a document announced as a substitute); after the amendment, an animal quarantine certificate, an official health certificate and the exemption for personal use not exceeding 6 kg were added.
• Executive Yuan Gazette Volume 016, Issue 135: Bureau of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Economic Affairs announcement adding import regulation 465 to 2 items including frozen tilapia | Executive Yuan Gazette | Document date: 2010-07-19; the announcement states that the purpose is to “effectively prevent tilapia products produced in mainland China from being imported into Taiwan via transshipment through a third country”, effective 2010-08-01.
• Central News Agency: to stop Chinese cabbage from China being illegally transshipped to Taiwan, Ministry of Economic Affairs announces imports must be accompanied by a certificate of origin | Central News Agency | Document date: 2026-09-24; news report: the International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs announced that import regulation 465 is added to fresh or chilled Chinese cabbage from 2026-10-08; the report says this was prompted by Chinese cabbage produced in mainland China suspected of having been illegally transshipped to Taiwan via a third country (Vietnam). The original announcement does not state why it was added and does not mention Vietnam; “suspected transshipment via Vietnam” is what the media said.
• Taipei Customs, Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance: urging traders and the public to note the supplementary rules on import regulation “465” for imported tea | Taipei Customs, Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance | Document date: 2023-05-11; 465 was added for tea from 2020-07-01, with personal use not exceeding 6 kg exempt; origin is determined by the place of harvest or gathering.
• Foreign Trade Act (Articles 11, 17 and 28) | Laws & Regulations Database of Taiwan | Document date: 2019-12-25; Article 11 is the basis for import restrictions; Article 17 prohibits false origin labeling and applying for certification documents by false means; Article 28 imposes on importers and exporters a fine of NT$60,000 up to NT$3,000,000 or suspension of import and export.
• Regulations Governing Import of Goods (Article 8) | Laws & Regulations Database of Taiwan | Document date: 2023-12-26; on this basis the International Trade Administration announces the list of imported goods subject to customs verification assistance; the 2026 addition of 465 to Chinese cabbage was handled under paragraph 1 of this article (International Trade Administration announcement No. 1157030111).
• Regulations Governing Trade between the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area (Article 7) | Laws & Regulations Database of Taiwan | Document date: 2024-02-19; goods from the Mainland Area may not be imported into the Taiwan Area unless announced as permitted, which is the legal basis of import regulation MW0.
• Rules of Origin for Imported Goods (Articles 4, 6 and 7) | Laws & Regulations Database of Taiwan | Document date: 2010-12-24; the origin of plant products is the place of harvest or gathering; operations limited to sorting, grading, repacking, packaging or simple drying do not constitute substantial transformation; where origin is in doubt, Customs may require documents or samples evidencing origin.
• Customs Directions for Determining the Origin of Imported Goods (Executive Yuan Gazette Volume 030, Issue 034) | Executive Yuan Gazette | Document date: 2024-02-22; where the origin of imported agricultural and fishery products remains in doubt after determination under the Directions, Customs requests the Ministry of Agriculture to assist in the determination; shiitake mushrooms and garlic are to be inspected batch by batch, and shiitake mushrooms and garlic in the form of whole bulbs are to be sent to the Ministry of Agriculture for identification batch by batch.
• Customs Act (Article 96) | Laws & Regulations Database of Taiwan | Document date: 2022-05-11; for goods that may not be imported, Customs shall order the person liable for duty to return them within a time limit; where the 465 documents are not supplied as notified, this article applies.
• Customs Anti-Smuggling Act (Articles 36, 37 and 39) | Laws & Regulations Database of Taiwan | Document date: 2018-05-09; false declaration of goods' names or submission of false documents is punished by a fine of up to 5 times the import duty evaded; where import controls are evaded, a fine of up to 3 times the value of the goods and confiscation of the goods are imposed under Article 36.
• Ministry of Finance order: meaning of “control” in the Customs Anti-Smuggling Act (No. 1131034572) | Ministry of Finance | Document date: 2025-05-06; “control” includes goods from the Mainland Area that may not be imported under the Regulations Governing Trade between the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area, and goods whose import the Ministry of Economic Affairs controls under the Foreign Trade Act.
• Taichung Customs, Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance reconsideration decision (No. 1021011927): mainland black wood ear mushrooms transshipped via Thailand with false declaration of origin | Taichung Customs, Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance | Document date: the page does not state one; the origin of the goods that actually arrived was determined to be mainland China; under Article 37, paragraph 3 of the Customs Anti-Smuggling Act applying, mutatis mutandis, Article 36, paragraphs 1 and 3, a fine of 1 times the value of the goods, NT$347,161, was imposed and the goods were confiscated; the criminal part was separately referred to the district prosecutors' office.
• Smuggling Punishment Act (Articles 2 and 3) | Laws & Regulations Database of Taiwan | Document date: 2012-06-13; smuggling controlled goods into the country is punished by imprisonment of up to 7 years, with a possible additional fine of up to NT$3,000,000.
• Executive Yuan announcement “Controlled Items and Control Methods for Controlled Goods”, point 2 (No. 1010047532; secondhand compilation) | Executive Yuan (reposted in a private compilation) | Document date: 2012-07-26; goods of mainland origin not announced as permitted for import in Chapters 1 to 8, rice, peanuts, tea or seeds, smuggled in one shipment with a dutiable value of more than NT$100,000 or a weight of more than 1,000 kg, are controlled imported goods. This provision is taken from a private compilation website; the document number has been cross-checked against the Taichung Customs reconsideration decision.
• Act Governing Food Safety and Sanitation (Articles 22, 28, 30, 45 and 47) | Laws & Regulations Database of Taiwan | Document date: 2019-06-12; packaged food must be labeled with the place (country) of origin; violation of labeling rules is fined NT$30,000 up to NT$3,000,000 under Article 47; false labeling is fined NT$40,000 up to NT$4,000,000 under Articles 28 and 45. Article 30, paragraph 3: imported products not for sale whose value and quantity meet the announced limits may be exempt from applying for inspection.
• Plant Protection and Quarantine Act (Article 17) | Laws & Regulations Database of Taiwan | Document date: 2018-06-20; quarantine objects may not be imported by post, and those imported by post must be returned or destroyed; exceptions are where the plant quarantine authority has announced an exemption from submitting a quarantine certificate, or where the recipient has applied in advance and been approved.
• Taichung Customs, Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance: Customs declaration guide for inbound travelers (limits on agricultural, livestock and aquatic products and mainland China goods) | Taichung Customs, Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance | Document date: 2026-02-03; travelers may carry 6 kg of agricultural, livestock and aquatic products, of which cooked peanuts, cooked garlic, dried shiitake mushrooms and tea may each not exceed 1 kg; carrying live plants and their fresh products is prohibited.
• Keelung Customs, Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance: rules permitting import of small quantities of mainland China goods without an import permit | Keelung Customs, Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance | Document date: the page does not state one; the rule permitting import of small quantities of mainland China goods without an import permit applies only to mainland China industrial products in Chapters 25 to 97 of the tariff; agricultural products in Chapters 1 to 24 are not included.
• Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare: border inspection failures (Vietnamese cabbage, FRESH CABBAGE) | Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare | Document date: 2025-10-14; cabbage exported from Vietnam was declared under tariff code 0704.90.90.90-2, which supports classifying cabbage under this code.
• Ministry of Agriculture website (footer: agricultural product smuggling reporting hotline, animal protection hotline) | Ministry of Agriculture | Document date: consulted 2026-10-05; the footer lists the agricultural product smuggling reporting hotline 0800-054300 and the animal protection hotline 1959.
• Animal and Plant Health Inspection Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, home page (toll-free smuggling reporting hotline) | Animal and Plant Health Inspection Agency, Ministry of Agriculture | Document date: consulted 2026-10-05; lists the toll-free smuggling reporting hotline 0800-039-131.
• Ministry of Health and Welfare news: bulk food must be labeled with the place (country) of origin | Ministry of Health and Welfare | Document date: 2021-01-06; from 2021-01-01, bulk peanuts, adzuki beans, shiitake mushrooms, tea and other foods sold must be labeled with the place (country) of origin.
• International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs announcement No. 1157030111 (adding import regulation code 465 to Chinese cabbage) | International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs | Document date: 2026-09-24; subject: from 2026-10-08, import regulation code 465 is added to CCC 0704.90.10.00-8 “Chinese cabbage, fresh or chilled”, which is also placed on the “list of imported goods subject to customs verification assistance”; the legal basis is Article 8, Paragraph 1 of the Regulations Governing Import of Goods and Ministry of Agriculture letter No. 1150240267 of 2026-09-11. The original announcement does not state why it was added and does not mention Vietnam.
• Table of changes to import regulations for goods (annex to announcement No. 1157030111) | International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs | Document date: 2026-09-24; 0704.90.10.00-8 Chinese cabbage, fresh or chilled: import regulations changed from B01 F01 MW0 to 465 B01 F01 MW0; includes the full official explanations of 465, B01, F01 and MW0, with item (5) of 465 exempting imports for personal use (live animals excluded) of a quantity not exceeding 6 kg.
• Bureau of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Economic Affairs announcement No. 1087038315 (465 amended for 14 items and added for 47 items) | Bureau of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Economic Affairs (now the International Trade Administration) | Document date: 2019-12-30; amends the 465 content for 14 items including live eel and adds 465 to 47 items including live clams, effective 2020-07-01; the annex lists cauliflower and broccoli (0704.10.00.00-7) and other brassica vegetables (0704.90.90.90-2), and Chinese cabbage is not on the list; the announcement states that where a certificate of origin is not provided as required and is not supplied within 2 months from the day after Customs' notice, Article 96 of the Customs Act applies.
• TFDA information on foods failing border inspection: Chinese cabbage (napa) exported from Vietnam (0704.90.10.00-8) | Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA), Ministry of Health and Welfare | Document date: 2025-09-23; 7 records of non-compliant Chinese cabbage (napa) exported from Vietnam, published from 2025-07-22 to 2025-09-23 (id 5422, 5429, 5430, 5469, 5485, 5501, 5530), all due to pesticide residues (thiamethoxam, thifluzamide, triclosan), 18,000 to 23,250 kg per batch, returned or destroyed. The link is to the 2025-09-23 record.
• International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs open data: import and export regulations data for goods (CSV) | International Trade Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs | Document date: downloaded 2026-10-19; filtering for current import regulations containing 465 gives 65 tariff codes (including Chinese cabbage, effective date 2026-10-08), consistent with HowBridge's tariff data table.

Control Yuan, Legislative Yuan and academic literature

What are the common questions about the 465 certificate of origin?

What does 465 mean?

Do I need a certificate of origin to send dried shiitake mushrooms or tea from Japan or South Korea to Taiwan?

With a certificate of origin, can I send garlic or peanuts from mainland China?

Are all 465 items prohibited from mainland China?

How is 6 kg for personal use calculated?

If the certificate of origin is waived, can I send fresh agricultural products by express courier or consolidated shipping?

Is the 465 certificate of origin the same as the ECFA certificate of origin?

Do both cabbage and Chinese cabbage need 465?

What documents do I need to import Chinese cabbage from Vietnam or other countries?

What happens if the 465 documents are not supplied?

Which number should I call if I find agricultural products suspected of origin laundering?

Further reading